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  2. 服务器

nginx配置

安装步骤:
  (系统要求:Linux 2.6+ 内核,本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 4.4)  一、获取相关开源程序:
  1、下载程序源码包到当前目录:
  本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2007年11月25日的最新稳定版。我将它们打了两个压缩包。  第一个压缩包:nginx-php-1.zip
  下载地址:http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/cgi-bin/fileid.cgi?fileid=2746375  第二个压缩包:nginx-php-2.zip
  下载地址:http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/cgi-bin/fileid.cgi?fileid=2746370  附:各开源软件单独下载地址(如果下载了以上两个压缩包,则无需下载以下软件):
  http://down.s135.com/linux/nginx-php/ (登录用户名、密码均为blog.s135.com)  2、解压缩:
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
unzip nginx-php-1.zip
unzip nginx-php-2.zip
cd /data0/software/nginx-php


  二、安装PHP 5.2.5(FastCGI模式)
  1、编译安装PHP 5.2.5所需的支持库:
tar zxvf libiconv-1.11.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.11/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../tar zxvf freetype-2.3.5.tar.gz
cd freetype-2.3.5/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../tar zxvf libpng-1.2.20.tar.gz
cd libpng-1.2.20/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../tar zxvf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
cd jpeg-6b/
./configure –enable-static –enable-shared
make
make install
make install-lib
cd ../#—-If your system was install libxml2, you do not need to install it.—-
#tar zxvf libxml2-2.6.30.tar.gz
#cd libxml2-2.6.30/
#./configure
#make
#install
#cd ../tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure –enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../cp /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.* /usr/lib
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.6.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.6/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../


  2、编译安装MySQL 5.0.45
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.0.45.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.0.45
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ –without-debug –with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql.sock –with-client-ldflags=-all-static –with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static –enable-assembler –with-extra-charsets=gbk,gb2312,utf8 –with-pthread –enable-thread-safe-client
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf
cd ../


  附:以下为附加步骤,如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库,则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库,能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库,那么,以下两步无需执行。
  ①、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表:
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db –defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf –basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql –datadir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data –user=mysql –pid-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid –skip-locking –port=3306 –socket=/tmp/mysql.sock  ②、启动MySQL(最后的&表示在后台运行)
/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf &


  3、编译安装PHP(FastCGI模式)
tar zxvf php-5.2.5.tar.gz
cd php-5.2.5/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php –with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc –with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql –with-iconv-dir=/usr/local –with-freetype-dir –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-zlib –with-libxml-dir –enable-xml –disable-debug –disable-rpath –enable-discard-path –enable-safe-mode –enable-bcmath –enable-shmop –enable-sysvsem –enable-inline-optimization –with-curl –with-curlwrappers –enable-mbregex –enable-fastcgi –enable-force-cgi-redirect –enable-mbstring –with-mcrypt
sed -i ‘s#-lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt#& -liconv#’ Makefile
make
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../


  4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.1.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.1/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../cd php-5.2.5/ext/gd/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-zlib-dir –with-ttf –with-freetype-dir –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../../../
  5、修改php.ini文件
  手工修改:查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = “./”
  修改为extension_dir = “/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/”
  并在此行后增加以下几行,然后保存:
  extension = “memcache.so”
  extension = “gd.so”  自动修改:若嫌手工修改麻烦,可执行以下shell命令,自动完成对php.ini文件的修改:
sed -i ‘s#extension_dir = “./”#extension_dir = “/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/”\nextension = “memcache.so”\nextension = “gd.so”\n#’ /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini


  6、创建www用户和组,以及其使用的目录:
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/vshare/htdocs
chmod +w /data0/vshare/htdocs
chown -R www:www /data0/vshare/htdocs
  7、安装lighttpd中附带的spawn-fcgi,用来启动php-cgi
  注:压缩包中的spawn-fcgi程序为已经编译成二进制的版本。
cp spawn-fcgi /usr/local/webserver/php/bin
chmod +x /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/spawn-fcgi
  8、启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的10080端口,进程数为64(如果服务器内存小于3GB,可以只开启25个进程),用户为www:
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10080 -C 64 -u www -f /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-cgi


  三、安装Nginx 0.5.33
  1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库:
tar zxvf pcre-7.2.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.2/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
  2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.5.33.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.5.33/
./configure –user=www –group=www –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx –with-http_stub_status_module
make && make install
cd ../
  3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
  4、创建Nginx配置文件
  ①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件:
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用user  www www;worker_processes 10;error_log  /data1/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;#pid        logs/nginx.pid;#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;events
{
      use epoll;      worker_connections 51200;
}http
{
      include      conf/mime.types;
      default_type  application/octet-stream;      charset  gb2312;
     
      server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
     
      #sendfile on;
      #tcp_nopush    on;      keepalive_timeout 60;      tcp_nodelay on;      gzip on;
      gzip_min_length  1k;
      gzip_buffers    4 8k;
      gzip_http_version 1.1;
      gzip_types      text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/html application/xml;      server
      {
              listen      80;
              server_name  blog.s135.com;
              index index.html index.htm index.php;
              root  /data0/vshare/htdocs;              if (-d $request_filename)
              {
                    rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
              }
                           
              location ~ .*\.php?$
              {
                  include conf/fcgi.conf;     
                  fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:10080;
                  fastcgi_index index.php;
              }              log_format  access  ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” ‘
                                    ‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘
                                    ‘”$http_user_agent” $http_x_forwarded_for’;
              access_log  /data1/logs/access.log  access;
      }      server
      {
              listen  80;
              server_name  status.blog.s135.com;              location / {
                  stub_status on;
                  access_log  off;
              }
      }
}  ②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件:
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
  输入以下内容:
引用fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING      $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD    $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE      $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH    $content_length;fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI      $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;# PHP only, required if PHP was built with –enable-force-cgi-redirect
#fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;  5、启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf


  四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10080 -C 64 -u www -f /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-cgi
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf


  五、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000  使配置立即生效:
/sbin/sysctl -p


  六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
  (1)、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后,请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确:
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
  如果屏幕显示以下两行信息,说明配置文件正确:
  the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
  (2)、这时,输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号:
ps -ef | grep “nginx: master process” | grep -v “grep” | awk -F ‘ ‘ ‘{print $2}’
  屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号,例如:
  6302
  这时,执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效:
kill -HUP 6302

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原创文章,作者:keyboard,如若转载,请注明出处:https://www.708034.com/2008/07/nginx%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae/

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